Hair
is normally removed for social and sexual reasons related to the
social role of hair in human society. Many cultures have an aesthetic
"ideal" amount of hair for males and females. People whose
hair violates such standards may experience real or perceived problems
with social acceptance.

Permanent
hair removal involves several imperfect options. A number
of methods have been developed that use chemicals, energy of varying
types, or a combination to target the areas that regulate hair growth.
Permanently destroying these areas while sparing surrounding tissue
is a difficult challenge.

Permanent
hair removal for most
* Electrolysis
Permanent hair
reduction for some
* Laser
* Flashlamp (also called Intense Pulsed Light or IPL)
Lasting hair
inhibition for many (requires continuous use)
* Prescription
oral medications
* A new method of epilation is to use enzymes that inhibit the development
of new hair cells. Hair growth will become less and less until it
finally stops, normal depilation/epilation will be performed during
that time. Products include the presciption drug Vaniqa (active
ingredient eflornithine hydrochloride inhibiting the enzyme ornithine
decarboxylase) - effective for 46% of women. Depilation lasting
several hours to several days can be achieved by:
* Shaving or
trimming (manually or with electric shavers)
* Depilatories (creams or "shaving powders" which chemically
dissolve hair)
* Friction (rough surfaces used to buff away hair)
Epilation lasting
several days to several weeks can be achieved by:
* Waxing (a
hot or cold layer is applied and then removed with porous strips)
* Plucking (hairs are plucked, or pulled out, with tweezers)
* Sugaring (similar to waxing, but with a sticky paste)
* Threading (also called fatlah or khite, in which a twisted thread
catches hairs as it's rolled across the skin)
* Rotary epilators (devices which rapidly grasp hairs and pull them
out by the root)
Some methods
are still in the experimental stage or have been banned for most
uses due to adverse effects.
* X-ray (banned
in the United States)
* Photodynamic therapy (experimental)
Many methods
have been proposed or sold over the years without published clinical
proof they can work as claimed.
* Electric
tweezers
* "Transdermal electrolysis"
* "Transcutaneous hair removal"
* Photoepilators
* Microwaves
* Foods and Dietary supplements
* Nonprescription topical preparations (also called "hair inhibitors,"
"hair retardants," or "hair growth inhibitors")
Many men in
Western cultures shave their facial hair, so a minority of men have
a beard, even though fast-growing facial hair must be shaved daily
to achieve a clean-shaven or hairless look. Some men shave because
they cannot grow a "full" beard (generally defined as
an even density from cheeks to neck), because beard color is different
than scalp hair color, or because it grows in many directions, making
a groomed look difficult. Some men shave because their beards are
very coarse, causing itchiness and irritation. Some men grow a beard
from time to time to change their appearance.
In many cultures,
women frequently remove their body hair, believing it is unattractive
and not feminine (see gender role). Women may also remove some or
even all of their pubic hair to look more youthful and attractive
for their sexual mates or themselves. The practice is most common
among upper-class women, who get treated with lasers or electrolysis
to permanently remove body hair and save future labor. Many women
of African descent commonly shave their pubic hair to reduce irritation
during sexual intercourse.
Hair Removal is in!
Some men shave
their heads, either as a fashion statement or to cover up male pattern
baldness. A much smaller number of women also shave their heads
as fashion or political statements.
Epilation performed
by laser was performed experimentally for about 20 years before
it became commercially available in the mid 1990's. Laser and light-based
methods are sometimes called phototricholysis or photoepilation.
In addition
to lasers, some light-based epilators use a xenon flashlamp which
emits full-spectrum intense pulsed light (IPL) . Treatment with
this device is sometimes popularly referred to as laser hair removal,
though the device is not a laser per se.
The primary
principle behind laser hair removal is selective
photothermolysis. Lasers can cause localized damage by selectively
heating dark target matter in the area that causes hair growth while
not heating the rest of the skin. Light is absorbed by dark objects,
so laser energy can be absorbed by dark material in the skin (but
with much more speed and intensity). This dark target matter, or
chromophore, can be naturally-occurring or artificially introduced.
Hair removal
lasers selectively target one of three chromophores:
* Carbon, which
is introduced into the hair follicle by rubbing a carbon-based lotion
into the skin following waxing (this lotion is an "exogenous
chromophore"). When irradiated by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser,
the carbon causes a shock wave capable of mechanically damaging
nearby cells. This method has been abandoned since it does not cause
permanent loss. (It has been replaced with the long-pulsed Nd:YAG
laser which targets endogenous melanin in the follicle.)
* Hemoglobin,
which occurs naturally in blood (it gives blood its red color).
It preferentially absorbs wavelengths from argons, and to a lesser
extent from rubies, alexandrites, and diodes. It minimally absorbs
the Nd:YAG laser wavelength. Hemoglobin is not a primary target
for laser hair removal.
* Melanin is
considered the primary chromophore for all hair removal lasers currently
on the market. Melanin occurs naturally in the skin (it gives skin
and hair its color). There are two types of melanin in hair: eumelanin
(which gives hair brown or black color) and pheomelanin (which gives
hair blonde or red color). Because of the selective absorption of
photons of laser light, only black or brown hair can be removed.
Any laser light
beam intended for topical use can only penetrate skin tissue two
millimeters deep. As such, there has been great controversy surrounding
the laser industry claims to what most people think of when they
hear the word "permanent". Many class actions lawsuits
are settled out of court so the damaging information is never made
into public record.
The dermal papilla
is the only appropiate target of destruction, as it it is the only
substructure of the hair shaft which can reproduce a new root system,
and therefore a new hair shaft. The dermal papilla is located at
a depth of 7-8 millimeters for coarse hair, and so is beyond the
reach of laser.
The laser light
beam, however, does a great job of vaporizing large areas, just
not permanently. Challenge your laser tech to sign a "plain
english" money back guarantee if you want to find out for yourself.
No form of laser
is capable of permanent hair removal without scarring. At most,
5 percent of hair in a given area can be removed which adheres to
the common usage of the word "permanent", usually because
the hair root is not very thick in diameter, or have any pigment,
and is therefore within the two milimeter range of the laser.
This is why
laser techicians are required by law to use the term "reduction".
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